SIGMAC ENG translation file 1512
0001	All OK
0002	Close [Esc, Alt+F4]
0003	Download program
0004	updated. [Enter]
0005	don't show
0006	this message [Spacebar]
0007	It's now available
0008	Information for the users:
0009	Information on the installation
0010	Units of measure
0011	Ok
0012	Cancel
0013	Angle
0014	Temperature
0015	Pressure
0016	Force
0017	Mass
0018	Length
0019	Sections
0020	Edit vertex coordinates ...
0021	Concrete
0022	Steel
0023	Wood
0024	Precasted elements
0025	Number of polygon sides
0026	Rotate:
0027	Mirror:
0028	Compose:
0029	Beam cutting width
0030	2{\super nd} phase cast
0031	Span cross section
0032	Head cross section
0033	Copy drawing
0034	Section's parameters 
0035	Format error in the file
0036	Steel section archive not available in the path
0037	Archive precasted elements not available in the path
0038	Impossible to write file
0039	Module PRELIM executing
0040	Impossible to execute the program
0041	modif.
0042	Section parameters
0043	Weight
0044	Area
0045	web thick.
0046	perimeter
0047	Span cross section
0048	Log of editing
0049	SPAN
0050	HEAD
0051	In situ cast
0052	H slab
0053	B slab
0054	Dimension of the slab thickness
0055	Dimension of the slab width
0056	Grid settings
0057	Draw grid
0058	Left X
0059	Bottom Y
0060	Right X
0061	Top Y
0062	Step
0063	Invalid input
0064	input graph
0065	output graph
0066	Information on the installation
0067	Product
0068	Producer
0069	User
0070	Company
0071	Product key
0072	Additional information
0073	Number of executions
0074	&Print
0075	&Print all the text
0076	&Copy
0077	&Copy all text
0078	Copy Selection
0079	&Index
0080	&Expanded
0081	&Collected
0082	Copy
0083	Delete
0084	Show
0085	Hide
0086	ATTENTION: the data in memory were not 
0087	saved to disk after the last changes.
0088	If you confirm the choice with OK, the last 
0089	changes will be lost.
0090	Unit of measure :
0091	Settings
0092	Input preferences
0093	Output preferences
0094	Graphic prints
0095	Top toolbar
0096	Zoom buttons
0097	Viewfinder box and cursor
0098	View buttons
0099	Snap box
0100	Numbers format
0101	n. of decimals for lengths
0102	n. of decimals for weight densities
0103	n. of decimals for pressures
0104	n. of decimals for line loads
0105	n. of decimals for moments
0106	n. of decimals for forces
0107	n. of decimals for displacements
0108	Automatic draft output
0109	Automatic recalculation
0110	Captions in graphs
0111	Titles
0112	File name
0113	Date and time
0114	B/W printer
0115	Graphic scaling symbols
0116	Background
0117	Concrete surface
0118	Pavement
0119	Traffic loads axis
0120	Permanent loads
0121	Dimensions
0122	Constraints
0123	Loads' Labels
0124	Dimensions' labels
0125	Stickers on drawings
0126	Max and min values labels
0127	User's labels
0128	Captions in graphs' printout
0129	Management of test loads' database
0130	Convoy
0131	Delete convoy
0132	New convoy
0133	Name
0134	Roadway
0135	Axes
0136	Shapes
0137	equispaced axes
0138	number of axes
0139	step
0140	first axis
0141	axis' weight
0142	generate
0143	Add axis
0144	Delete axis
0145	shape
0146	Add vertex
0147	Delete vertex
0148	Add dimension
0149	Delete dimension
0150	elem.
0151	ind.1
0152	ind.2
0153	orient.
0154	dist.
0155	axis
0156	vert.
0157	shape vert.
0158	Test loads
0159	Add
0160	Automatic cursor
0161	load
0162	loads database
0163	Direction
0164	Plate
0165	Pavement parameters
0166	Asphalt
0167	Thickness
0168	Weight density
0169	Subgrade
0170	Weight density
0171	Show in drawings
0172	Generate total weight
0173	slab
0174	Dead loads
0175	Left support
0176	Midspan
0177	Right support
0178	Phase 1 - Line loads on beam
0179	n.
0180	Description
0181	value
0182	left
0183	Ref.
0184	right
0185	Phase 2 - Distributed
0186	Pavement on roadway
0187	Total load
0188	Pavement's detail
0189	Extra load on deck
0190	Phase 2 - Line loads
0191	eccentricity
0192	Value
0193	Seismic loads
0194	Seismic analysis activation
0195	Ground
0196	Behaviour factor q
0197	Importance ratio
0198	Topographic category
0199	Traffic loads combination coeff.
0200	SLS
0201	ULS
0202	Horizontal forces
0203	Vertical forces
0204	Abutment data
0205	Height
0206	Section width By
0207	Section lenght Bx
0208	Concrete class
0209	Traffic loads
0210	Global checks
0211	Footbridge traffic loads
0212	Lock transversal positions
0213	lane n.
0214	alfaQ
0215	alfaq
0216	Ecc. Y
0217	Remaining strip
0218	Number of axes
0219	Local checks
0220	n. of wheels
0221	Load Q per wheel
0222	Coeff.
0223	Wheelbase
0224	Direction of motion
0225	Influnce length
0226	Spread angle
0227	Road loads - Category
0228	Wind load
0229	Barrier height
0230	Combinations
0231	Girder
0232	First stage
0233	Transient stages
0234	Second stage ULS
0235	Second stage SLS
0236	Tranverse beam and slab
0237	Bearings
0238	Coefficients
0239	Partial safety factors
0240	Variable actions
0241	Lifting
0242	Transport
0243	ULS P/T
0244	ULS Seismic (collapse)
0245	SLS Infrequent (Characteristic)
0246	SLS Frequent 
0247	SLS Quasi Permanent
0248	SLS Seismic (damage)
0249	SLS Seismic (damage)
0250	vert,min
0251	vert,max
0252	hor,max
0253	Infrequent
0254	Frequent
0255	Quasi Perm.
0256	Dead loads
0257	Non-structural dead loads
0258	Variable actions
0259	Road traffic actions
0260	Shrinkage, creep, thermal
0261	Action
0262	gr1: LM1- tandem
0263	gr1: LM1- UDL
0264	gr1: LM2
0265	gr2a/2b: horizontal forces
0266	gr3
0267	gr4: crowd loading
0268	gr5: special vehicles
0269	Wind with unloaded deck ULS and SLS
0270	gr1a LM1 TS
0271	gr1a UDL/footways/cicle tracks
0272	gr1b LM2 isolated axle
0273	gr2 (horizontal forces)
0274	gr3 (only crowd)
0275	gr4 (LM4-footway)
0276	gr5 (special vehicles)
0277	Wind P/T
0278	Yes
0279	No
0280	Do you want to save the selection of
0281	combination as default
0282	for future calculations?
0283	General bridge data
0284	Descriptions and standards
0285	Advanced options
0286	Authority
0287	Customer
0288	Work
0289	Document id.
0290	File heading
0291	Standard rule
0292	RFI IFS002A rules
0293	Different shape for edge girders
0294	Category
0295	First class bridge
0296	Second class bridge
0297	Footbridge
0298	No traffic loads
0299	Massonnet's parameters
0300	use edge girder parameters
0301	use internal girder parameters
0302	Deck type
0303	beams, diaphragms, slab
0304	solid slab
0305	compute principal beams' torsional stiffness
0306	compute diaphragms' torsional stiffness
0307	Browse
0308	Standard rules' values will be assigned to traffic loads 
0309	1{\super st} category
0310	Default values will be assigned to load combination coefficients
0311	Unlock traffic loads
0312	Lock traffic loads
0313	Second stage grid model generation
0314	Mesh accuracy (slab elements)
0315	n. of elements
0316	length of elements
0317	Single beam model
0318	Double beam model
0319	Bridge layout
0320	Skew angle
0321	Open GRAT after generation
0322	span
0323	pier-to-pier l
0324	L dist.
0325	Rt dist.
0326	Loads in stage II
0327	Linear loads stage II
0328	Test loads
0329	Concentrated loads longitudinal position
0330	abscisses
0331	condition
0332	<no moving load present>
0333	Loads' footprint spread angle invalid
0334	Corbels
0335	Overhangs separate cast 
0336	and
0337	<not assigned>
0338	Self weight
0339	Skew angle invalid
0340	excessive
0341	Invalid length
0342	Girders overlapping on pier
0343	too many nodes
0344	too many beams
0345	model created on
0346	at
0347	from the module
0348	Head diaphragms
0349	Slab
0350	span
0351	Too many precasted girders
0352	Too many beams per precasted girder
0353	Slab overhangs separate cast 
0354	Left overhang
0355	Right overhang
0356	Left corbel
0357	Central corbel
0358	Right corbel
0359	Too many X,Y DL's polygons
0360	Traffic - crowd span
0361	Crowd on left footway
0362	Crowd on right footway
0363	Traffic - UDL span
0364	Traffic: axles for
0365	Too many X,Y DL (Distributed Loads)
0366	Existing file. Overwrite?
0367	File created:
0368	span
0369	Deck geometry
0370	Deck structure
0371	Theoretical span length
0372	Girders' numbering 
0373	Girders spacing
0374	Bearing axis - girder head distance
0375	Solid end length
0376	Taper length
0377	Girders-slab eccentricity
0378	Girder to be checked (n.1 on right)
0379	In-span diaphragms' number
0380	IFS002A-2.7.5: in-span diaphragms' minimum number
0381	Slab's overhangs casted in stage III
0382	Last girder (left)
0383	head
0384	<choose girder>
0385	<choose last girder>
0386	SOLID SLAB DATA
0387	Number of transverse links
0388	X1
0389	X2
0390	X3
0391	X4
0392	X5
0393	Total thickness
0394	Link thickness
0395	Link depth
0396	Regenerate solid slab coordinates
0397	Deck cross section
0398	Average slab thickness
0399	Minimum slab thickness
0400	Slab theoretical span
0401	Left footway's width
0402	Left footway-roadway distance
0403	Right footway's width
0404	Right footway-roadway distance
0405	Right overhang width
0406	Left overhang width
0407	Corbels' average thickness
0408	Standard platform geometry
0409	Section:
0410	Road axis curve radius
0411	Standard dimensions
0412	no one
0413	Internal girders
0414	Principal beams
0415	Bridge deck analysis
0416	&File
0417	&New bridge
0418	&Load bridge
0419	&Save bridge
0420	Save bridge &as
0421	&Import old version data
0422	&Create grid model
0423	&Print drawing
0424	&Settings
0425	&Miscellaneus
0426	&Grid settings
0427	&Test loads archive
0428	&Quit
0429	&Graphic edit
0430	Select &girders
0431	Select &slab
0432	Select &loads
0433	Select slab/solid slab &vertices
0434	Select &label
0435	Select &test loads
0436	Select &dimensions
0437	Add &test loads
0438	Add &dimensions
0439	&Copy drawing
0440	&Bridge data
0441	General &data
0442	Deck &geometry
0443	&Loads
0444	Traffic
0445	Traffic loads
0446	Wind
0447	Wind load
0448	Earthquake
0449	Earthquake load
0450	Test loads
0451	&Materials' properties
0452	Construction &stage
0453	Construction &timing
0454	Lifting
0455	Transport
0456	&Dimensions
0457	&Analysis
0458	&Combinations
0459	&View
0460	View
0461	Zoom &Extension
0462	Zoom &Window
0463	Zoom &Previous
0464	Zoom &All
0465	Zoom &In (wheel)
0466	Zoom O&ut (wheel)
0467	Pan
0468	Pan &Nord
0469	Pan Su&d
0470	Pan E&st
0471	Pan &West
0472	Right isometric view
0473	Left isometric view
0474	Plan view
0475	Midspan cross section
0476	Show
0477	Reference axes
0478	Number of slab's vertices
0479	Loads
0480	Loads' labels
0481	Analyzed girder
0482	Load conditions' selection menu
0483	Presizing
0484	&Help
0485	&Guide
0486	2{\super nd} category
0487	&Check for updates at startup
0488	&Download new version
0489	&Info
0490	Move
0491	Reverse direction
0492	Properties
0493	Reverse direction
0494	Unlock carriageway limit
0495	Only on the carriageway
0496	Reverse
0497	Duplicate
0498	Mirrror
0499	Viewfinder
0500	All files
0501	Data writing error
0502	Data writing error file
0503	Maximum number of dimensions exceeded
0504	Help not available
0505	Read the user's guide
0506	Steel sections database
0507	Precasted beams database
0508	Show/hide reference axes
0509	Show/hide drawing grid
0510	Show/hide viewfinder
0511	Materials' properties
0512	Homogeneization ratio
0513	concrete,slab
0514	concrete,beam
0515	Beam-slab's differential shrinkage 
0516	E
0517	beam+slab
0518	(deflections calculation)
0519	Precasted beam concrete's weight density
0520	Cast in situ concrete's weight density
0521	Output
0522	&Drawing
0523	K Massonnet
0524	u Massonnet M+
0525	u Massonnet M-
0526	Bending moment
0527	Shear
0528	Torsional moment
0529	Deflections
0530	Mf during lifting
0531	Mf during transportation
0532	Ask to diagram
0533	Select labels
0534	Reselect labels
0535	Calculation report
0536	Graphic
0537	&View
0538	Zoom &In (wheel)
0539	Zoom O&ut (wheel)
0540	Right axonometric view
0541	Left axonometric view
0542	Plan view
0543	&View
0544	Number of &girders
0545	Reset max and min labels
0546	Reset user's labels
0547	Structural &elements' selection menu 
0548	&Cond. of loading's selection menu
0549	Combination of conditions' selection menu
0550	&Checks
0551	&Girder
0552	&Diaphragms
0553	&Slab
0554	Unhook post-processor TCAP
0555	Hide/show abscisses
0556	Hide/show measure units
0557	Scale
0558	file created
0559	data unsaved
0560	R.C. tranverse beam
0561	Slab's transversal bending check
0562	Attention!
0563	Span length for local action model = 0
0564	post-processor TCAP unhooked
0565	Scale:
0566	Deck design
0567	Carriageway width
0568	Left corbel width
0569	Right corbel width
0570	Precasted girders concrete class
0571	Cast in situ concrete class
0572	ULS seismic action
0573	Decks presizing function applicable only to road bridges
0574	J girder section = 0
0575	H girder section = 0
0576	J girder + slab section = 0
0577	Dead loads - linear second stage
0578	Left dist.
0579	Left ref.
0580	Right dist.
0581	Right ref.
0582	Eccentricity
0583	Pavement weight
0584	Utilities
0585	General
0586	Naming
0587	Wheelbase
0588	Position
0589	Vehicle plate
0590	Draw dimensions
0591	Shape
0592	Test loads properties
0593	Label properties
0594	Hide titles
0595	Distance from point 1
0596	Point 1
0597	Point 2
0598	General
0599	Orientation
0600	Dimension contained in the plane
0601	parallel to plane
0602	dimension line parallel to axis
0603	no one
0604	Element
0605	Selcted dimensions: n.
0606	girder n.
0607	vertex n.
0608	<no one>
0609	X section
0610	element
0611	<no one>
0612	left corbel
0613	right corbel
0614	central corbel
0615	diaphragm n.
0616	left head
0617	right head
0618	Y section
0619	left x=0
0620	right x=L
0621	vertex
0622	side
0623	X
0624	footway
0625	left
0626	right
0627	left side
0628	right side
0629	Slab properties
0630	Average thickness
0631	Minimum thickness
0632	Span length for local action model
0633	Girder-slab deck eccentricity
0634	Days of curing
0635	Girders properties
0636	Spacing
0637	Bearing axis - girder head dist.
0638	Solid end length
0639	Taper length
0640	Linear load first stage
0641	Elastic modulus
0642	Torsional parameter
0643	Webs total thickness
0644	Number of webs
0645	Torsional area
0646	Effective wall thickness
0647	Section outer circumference
0648	Section area
0649	Centroid
0650	Girder length
0651	Girder weight
0652	Concrete volume
0653	dimensions
0654	Girder section dimensions
0655	at span
0656	at head
0657	Section geometry
0658	Torsional stiffness
0659	Webs total thickness
0660	Shear/torsion parameters
0661	Head section geometry
0662	strands position
0663	dimension
0664	n. of holes
0665	no position defined
0666	node 1
0667	node 2
0668	Distance
0669	Number of vertices
0670	X coordinate
0671	Y coordinate
0672	Selected vert.:
0673	Apply also to section
0674	girder-vert.
0675	girder-axis
0676	slab and corbels
0677	diaphragm - axis
0678	support axis
0679	test load - shape
0680	test load - axis
0681	linear load 2{\super nd} stage
0682	traffic load - tendem
0683	traffic load - UDL
0684	left support
0685	midspan
0686	right support
0687	left thickening's end
0688	left tapered's end
0689	right tapered's end
0690	right thickening's end
0691	diaphragm axis
0692	deck's left edge
0693	deck's right edge
0694	 Y= + <theorical halfwidth>
0695	 Y= - <theorical halfwidth>
0696	beam axis
0697	Add standard dimensions
0698	elem. 1
0699	index 1
0700	node 1
0701	sec.1
0702	elem.2
0703	index 2
0704	node 2
0705	sec.2
0706	description
0707	direction
0708	distance
0709	1-parall. to X axis - z=const.
0710	2-parall. to X axis - y=const.
0711	3-parall. to Y axis - z=const.
0712	4-parall. to Y axis - x=const.
0713	5-parall. to Z axis - y=const.
0714	6-parall. to Z axis - x=const.
0715	8-/ - x=const. plane
0716	9-/ - y=const. plane
0717	10-/ - z=const. plane
0718	L
0719	Rt
0720	L edge
0721	Rt edge
0722	left head
0723	diaphragm
0724	inf.vert.
0725	sup.vert.
0726	Perform check for lifting
0727	Static scheme for lifting
0728	L1
0729	L2
0730	Dynamic factor
0731	Lgirder
0732	Slab casting
0733	Slab curing
0734	Overhang casting
0735	Overhang curing
0736	[days]
0737	Choice dimension
0738	along Y axis
0739	along Z axis
0740	along X axis
0741	parallel
0742	Perform check for transportation
0743	Static scheme for transportation
0744	L4
0745	L3
0746	Output
0747	Draft
0748	Word Proc.
0749	Export
0750	Close
0751	Synthetic print
0752	Test loading report
0753	Print input data
0754	Seismic check
0755	Girder n.
0756	Slab and diaphragms
0757	First and second stages
0758	Nominal values of solicitations
0759	Combination values of solicitations
0760	Max deflection values
0761	Assign labels to charts
0762	Generate X
0763	num.
0764	Moments and deflections printout
0765	More charged diaphragm
0766	Local actions on slab printout
0767	Nominal values of reactions
0768	Layout
0769	Pages numbering from
0770	Page heading
0771	File RichTextFormat
0772	<no combination selected>
0773	<not defined>
0774	Road 1{\super st} category
0775	Road 2{\super nd} category
0776	Category
0777	SYNTHETIC PRINTOUT
0778	Archive
0779	Date of print
0780	Bridge analysis code
0781	Current units
0782	length
0783	force
0784	Bridge data
0785	Standard specifications
0786	Applied loads
0787	Uniform distributed
0788	Pavement weight
0789	Total pavement weight
0790	Total on the deck
0791	Linear loads 1{\super st} stage for each girder (extra 1)
0792	left corbel
0793	right corbel
0794	Corbels weight
0795	linear weight
0796	total weight
0797	Corbel's total weight
0798	Linear loads 2{\super nd} stage on the deck (extra 2)
0799	Traffic loads
0800	Combination factors
0801	Massonnet method
0802	Massonnet parameters refers to girder n.
0803	last girder
0804	internal girder
0805	Slab width in the diaphragm cross section
0806	The torsional stiffness of the girder + slab cross section has not been taken into account
0807	The torsional stiffness of the diaphragm + slab cross section has not been taken into account
0808	Square root of alfa (torsional parameter)
0809	Massonnet's coefficients
0810	Girder loads
0811	Girder axis length
0812	Girder weight (in span section)
0813	Girder weight (thickened section)
0814	Precasted girder's total weight
0815	Solid slab weight (in span section)
0816	Solid slab weight (head section)
0817	Solid slab weight
0818	Slab weight acting on girder
0819	Pavement weight acting on girder
0820	Head diaphgram weight
0821	In span diaphgram weight
0822	Longitudinal stripes for pavement and crow weights computing 
0823	stripe
0824	ecc.
0825	Width
0826	Stage 2: linear loads
0827	right overhang
0828	left overhang
0829	Traffic lane disposition for maximum effect on girder
0830	Loads not present
0831	Traffic lane disposition for Mmax on diaphgram
0832	sec.
0833	Traffic lane disposition for Mmin on diaphgram
0834	Solicitations
0835	and deformations
0836	girder n.
0837	At prestress transfer and after launching
0838	Second stage - dead loads
0839	Second stage - traffic loads
0840	Lifting stage
0841	Transportation stage
0842	ULS combinations
0843	At prestress transfer
0844	At deck pouring
0845	Second stage P/T
0846	SLS combinations
0847	Second stage
0848	Deflections
0849	E concrete
0850	J section
0851	SLS characteristic - Total deflections for 2{\super nd} stage
0852	Rotations at support sections
0853	on the deck
0854	on the in-span diaphgram
0855	M characteristic values
0856	Global effect
0857	Local effect
0858	Global + local effects
0859	Ultimate Limit States
0860	Persistent/Transient (P/T)
0861	Serviceability Limit State
0862	Solicitations on slab
0863	Characteristic values
0864	Solicitations on supports
0865	Horizontal forces
0866	Vertical reactions characteristic values
0867	Seismic action
0868	Deck analysis report
0869	MEASUREMENT UNITS AND SIGN CONVENTIONS
0870	REFERENCE SYSTEM
0871	DECK CONSTRUCTION DESCRIPTION
0872	Girder fabrication method
0873	STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
0874	HYPOTHESIS FOR CALCULATION AND MODELING
0875	DECK DATA
0876	The following are the parameters of the materials used in structural analysis.
0877	For a complete description of the materials used and their characteristics refer to the chapters relating to the checks.
0878	Load distribution diagram - coeff.
0879	Diagram coeff.
0880	for tranverse beam, loads configuration for M max
0881	for tranverse beam, loads configuration for M min
0882	LOADS DISTRIBUTION
0883	Massonnet's parameters
0884	Checked girder eccentricity
0885	Span length of girders
0886	Diaphgrams spacing
0887	Theoretical half width of bridge deck
0888	GIRDER
0889	girder+slab cross section area
0890	centroid depth
0891	flexural inertia
0892	torsional inertia
0893	DIAPHRAGM
0894	diaphgram+slab cross section area
0895	centroid depth from section base
0896	Homogeneization ratio Ecls slab / E cls girder
0897	Theta (flexural parameter)
0898	Distribution coefficients are calculated for the
0899	
0900	girder with eccentricity Y =
0901	wich is the most charged:
0902	Here below are reported the coefficients
0903	for the section
0904	of the diaphgram, and for the 1{\super st} harmonic.
0905	LOADS ANALYSIS
0906	Actions to be considered in road bridges design should be:
0907	permanent actions;
0908	settlements, thermal actions, designed distorsions;
0909	variable traffic actions;
0910	variabile actions of wind and snow;
0911	exceptional actions;
0912	seismic actions;
0913	Creep have to be taken into account when relevant.
0914	Characteristic values of permanent actions
0915	1. Self-weight of structural and non-structural elements:
0916	2. Permanent loads:
0917	(carriageway pavement, footways, barriers, parapets)
0918	3. Other permanent loads:
0919	(earth weight, water pressure, etc.)
0920	Stage 1
0921	Weights acting on girder:
0922	Total weight precasted girder
0923	Linear loads per beam (extra 1)
0924	Stage 2
0925	Pavement surface unit weight
0926	Load acting on checked girder
0927	This load is computed as equally divided between girders.
0928	Concrete corbels are not a structural element.
0929	Their weight is applied to the model as a uniform linear load along the span and positioned in the deck cross section with eccentricity equal to the distance between his own centroid e the deck axis.
0930	
0931	
0932	
0933	To these loads Massonnet's method is applied 
0934	and the distribution coefficient is calculated depending
0935	upon the transversal position.
0936	Characteristic values of variable actions
0937	MASSONNET'S METHOD APPLICATION
0938	Linear loads per girder
0939	Traffic loads positions to maximize actions on the girder
0940	Traffic loads to compute
0941	M max on diaphgram
0942	Transversal M max on slab (global effect) 
0943	To find the maximum sagging moment on the diaphgram/slab, traffic loads are moved
0944	 along the carriageway axis and the lanes are interchanged and positioned at different distances from the deck edge.
0945	
0946	To find the maximum hogging moment on the diaphgram/slab, traffic loads are moved
0947	 along the carriageway axis and the lanes are interchanged and positioned at different distances from the deck edge.
0948	
0949	The distribution coefficient diagram is illustrated for the Y=0 section of the diaphgram/slab.
0950	
0951	
0952	M min on diaphgram
0953	M min on slab (global action)
0954	
0955	Extra stage 1
0956	LIMIT STATES METHOD - COMBINATION FACTORS
0957	Load combinations are recommended by
0958	D.M. 14/01/2008-5.1.3.12
0959	According to this standard
0960	 design loads are:
0961	
0962	Permanent loads:
0963	dead load of structural components
0964	dead load of nonstructural attachments
0965	 (pavement on radway; corbels, guard rails, parapets,
0966	wearing surfaces and utilities);
0967	other permanent loads:
0968	(earth weight, water pressure, etc.)
0969	Superimposed deformations:
0970	design deformations:
0971	shrinkage and creep
0972	Traffic
0973	thermal variations
0974	settlements
0975	Variable loads:
0976	Wind and snow;
0977	Exceptional actions;
0978	Earthquake
0979	Coefficients
0980	refers to actions
0981	as referred in the table
0982	ULS design
0983	Persistent/Transient situations
0984	SLS design
0985	In limit states design the following
0986	combinations of the actions are considered:
0987	Partial factor for prestressing
0988	Characteristic (Infrequent) combination:
0989	Frequent combination:
0990	Quasi Permanent combination:
0991	seismic combination, used in ULS
0992	and serviceability related to seismic action E:
0993	seismic combination, seismic action
0994	SOLICITATIONS
0995	First stage - prestress transfer
0996	Transient stage - lifting
0997	Dynamic factor
0998	Transient stage - transportation
0999	Front overhang
1000	hinge-front support
1001	hinge-rear support
1002	rear overhang
1003	First stage - prestress transfer
1004	First stage - slab pouring
1005	Second stage - Persistent and Transient (P/T)
1006	Deck depth
1007	
1008	
1009	The deck of the studied bridge is made with precasted girders and completed with a collaborating slab cast-in-place.
1010	The slab diffuse the loads on beams and collaborate with the beams themselves to transfer the loads on the abutments.
1011	The slab, furthermore, work like a transverse beam: bending moments rise on it from that and its resistance have to be checked.
1012	The check wil be done considering both the local and global effects, the last one coming from the transverse loads distribution.
1013	Maximum and minimum bending moments are evaluated
1014	due to the permanent loads and the transit of traffic loads.
1015	Nominal values of bending moments
1016	In the following combinations, global effects and local effects are added together.
1017	Only the global effects are shown in the graphs.
1018	SLAB BENDING
1019	SUPPORTS REACTIONS
1020	The calculation of the reactions of the supports is carried out as indicated in the
1021	D.M. 14/01/2008
1022	and the specifications Circ. 02/03/2009 n. 617
1023	
1024	The values ​​of the reactions of the supports shown here are to be understood as characteristic values.
1025	Overall weighting summary
1026	Characteristic values of horizontal reactions
1027	Breaking force
1028	Breaking force is derived from the overall live load weighting on lane 1
1029	and it's worthy of:
1030	
1031	bridges
1032	The force is applied at the road pavement surface level and has
1033	the direction of the road axis;
1034	 it's supposed uniformly distributed on deck width.
1035	As the bridge is
1036	 the force is
1037	breaking force lower limit
1038	breaking force upper limit
1039	Breaking force - comparison value
1040	Overall longitudinal breaking force
1041	Horizontal forces derived from traffic loads on deck
1042	are not taken into account
1043	DEFORMATIONS
1044	Deflections at midspan and rotations of girders bearings 
1045	due to selfweight and surcharges are calculated;
1046	 values are oriented as Z axis, that means negative values are deflections. 
1047	Traffic loads are positioned as reported at paragraph
1048	Deformations are calculated according to:
1049	E girder concrete 1{\super st} stage
1050	J girder cross section
1051	E girder+slab concrete
1052	J girder+slab cross section
1053	The permanent surcharges applied in 2{\super nd} stage include:
1054	roadway pavement
1055	linear loads in 2{\super nd} stage:
1056	extra distributed load applied in 2{\super nd} stage:
1057	Deflections - First stage
1058	Deflections - Second stage
1059	Bearings rotations
1060	Positive rotations are clockwise.
1061	SEISMIC ACTION
1062	Theoretical deflection during bridge test
1063	Precasted girder + slab
1064	Girder's elastic modulus
1065	Homogeneization ratio E c,slab / E c,girder
1066	Girder + slab flexural stiffness
1067	Loads on bridge deck
1068	plate
1069	of Massonnet
1070	X-span/2
1071	Load
1072	no axis defined
1073	Solicitations and deformations
1074	Solicitations and deflections are calculated on beam
1075	Deck type
1076	solid slab
1077	Precasted girder + collaborating slab
1078	Geometrical data
1079	Left corbel width
1080	Left carriageway width
1081	Central corbel width
1082	Right carriageway width
1083	Carriageway width
1084	Right corbel width
1085	Overall deck width
1086	Internal girder type
1087	External girder type
1088	Girder type
1089	Beam cutting width
1090	Internal beams width
1091	Edge beams width
1092	Beams width
1093	Bearing axis - girder head dist.
1094	Solid end length
1095	Taper length
1096	Beams axis - slab eccentricity
1097	Left footway width
1098	L footway-roadway dist.
1099	Right footway width
1100	Rt footway-roadway dist.
1101	Overall pavement thickness
1102	Asphalt thickness
1103	Asphalt unit weight
1104	Base thickness
1105	Base unit weight
1106	Diaphgrams in span
1107	Number of diaphgrams
1108	Diaphgrams cross section depth
1109	Diaphgrams web width
1110	Diaphgrams at supports
1111	Cross section depth
1112	Overall webs thickness
1113	Section area
1114	Y centroid
1115	X centroid
1116	J flexural
1117	Torsional coefficient
1118	Internal precasted girder
1119	Precasted girder
1120	For the geometric description of the sections of the beam
1121	 a local x,y reference system is used
1122	 having x-axis aligned with the global Y-axis but opposite direction,
1123	 and y-axis aligned and concordant with the global Z axis.
1124	Edge precasted beam
1125	Cast-in-place slab geometry
1126	Geometry of the cast-in-place concrete refers to
1127	 the deck global X,Y,Z reference system.
1128	SPAN SECTION
1129	starting X
1130	ending X
1131	Length in X direction
1132	centroid
1133	through the centroid
1134	HEAD SECTION
1135	Length in X direction (2 heads)
1136	Differential shrinkage beam-slab
1137	Elastic modulus beam and slab (deflections)
1138	Cast-in-place concrete selfweight 
1139	Axes number per lane
1140	lane
1141	Crowd loading on footways
1142	
1143	Crowd loading on carriageway
1144	Load safety factors for ULS combinations (A1 STR) are:
1145	Permanent loads safety factor
1146	non strusctural
1147	structural
1148	Traffic loads safety factor
1149	Variable loads safety factor
1150	top
1151	bottom
1152	for variable actions acting on bridges
1153	to be utilized in SLS combinations are:
1154	Parameters for seismic action 
1155	Structural factor
1156	Maximum horizontal acceleration at ground
1157	Upper limit of the period of the constant spectral acceleration branch
1158	Maximum value for horizontal acceleration spectrum multiplier
1159	Y width of the rectangular cross section
1160	X width of the rectangular cross section
1161	Response spectrum in acceleration
1162	The horizontal acceleration of the elements of the  structure subject
1163	the seismic action is calculated with a vertical cantilever model.
1164	The cantilever is represented by the abutment-foundation set,
1165	at the top of wich the deck mass is sustained.
1166	the of the abutment-foundation set is concentrated at half height.
1167	Deck weight
1168	Live loads weight
1169	Live loads rate
1170	Overall structure weight
1171	Structure mass
1172	Stiffness
1173	Fundamental period T (vertical Z comp.)
1174	Abutment weight
1175	Abutment mass
1176	Abutment elastic modulus
1177	Transversal inertia
1178	Longitudinal inertia
1179	Transversal flexural stiffness
1180	Longitudinal flexural stiffness
1181	Fundamental period T (transversal Y comp.)
1182	Fundamental period T (longitudinal X comp.)
1183	Abutments vibration period
1184	Acceleration spectrum for horizontal actions
1185	transversal and longitudinal is assumed as its maximum value.
1186	provided by the standard, corresponding to the period
1187	Theoretical topographic amplification factor
1188	Spectral acceleration
1189	Elastic response spectrum in acceleration
1190	Overall seismic force on bearings
1191	Values for SLS
1192	Values for ULS
1193	Seismic actions for SLS
1194	Characteristic seismic action
1195	support
1196	Seismic combination
1197	Diaphgram
1198	Rt end
1199	L end
1200	girders' axis
1201	Force read in this paragraph are reactions of the bearings 
1202	and not actions on them.
1203	Traffic
1204	Vertical action
1205	maximum values
1206	minimum values
1207	Horizontal action
1208	transv. Y on each abutment
1209	longitudinal for whole deck
1210	Overall longitudinal reaction
1211	Transversal Y reaction on each pier
1212	maximum reactions
1213	minimum reactions
1214	Seismic actions for ULS
1215	hook
1216	Total
1217	group
1218	LM1 Tandem system
1219	LM1 distributed-UDL
1220	LM4 crowd loading
1221	F max
1222	F min
1223	Maximum deflection due to traffic loads
1224	Deformation limit state
1225	checked
1226	not checked
1227	stage
1228	diaphgrams
1229	Traffic: group 2
1230	Traffic: group 3
1231	Traffic: group 4
1232	Thermal gradient
1233	rotation
1234	Sec.
1235	Infrequent combinations
1236	Frequent combinations
1237	Quasi Permanent combinations
1238	Persistent/Transient
1239	M max
1240	M min
1241	Girders total weight
1242	extra 1 loads total weight
1243	Diaphgrams total weight
1244	Slab total weight
1245	poured in 1{\super st} stage
1246	and overhangs
1247	surcharge
1248	Utilities total weight
1249	Overall deck's structure weight
1250	Overall non-structural weight
1251	Wind action:
1252	Kinetic pressure
1253	Overall force Fyw on deck
1254	Longitudinal breaking force q3:
1255	Total force on deck Fxq
1256	Centrifugal action Q4:
1257	Roadway in plan radius
1258	Overall force Fyq on deck
1259	1{\super st} stage loads
1260	extra 1
1261	L support
1262	Rt support
1263	2{\super nd} stage permanent loads
1264	extra 2
1265	Lateral abutment reaction Ry
1266	Longitudinal abutments reaction Rx
1267	ULS P/T combinations
1268	SLS Infrequent
1269	SLS Frequent
1270	SLS Quasi Permanent
1271	Deflection
1272	M bend.
1273	M tors.
1274	Slab span
1275	Load per wheel - LM2
1276	Wheelprint dimensions
1277	Wheelprint width at slab midthickness 
1278	Transverse bending moment
1279	(positive if saggin)
1280	permanents local effect
1281	LM2 local effect
1282	local effect bending M
1283	sup
1284	inf
1285	din
1286	traffic
1287	group 1
1288	group 2
1289	group 4
1290	girder
1291	corr.
1292	(group 1)
1293	vertical girder
1294	long. total
1295	transv. abutment
1296	Prestressing steel
1297	Mild steel B450C
1298	girder exploitation rate
1299	slab exploitation rate
1300	Italian standard DM 04/05/1990
1301	DM 14/01/2008 - Norme tecniche per le costruzioni
1302	Eurocode 1
1303	RFI IFS002A "Specifica per la progettazione e l''esecuzione di cavalcavia e passerelle pedonali sulla sede ferroviaria"
1304	Live loads with pedestrian
1305	girder weight
1306	girder+slab weight
1307	stage 1 - linear per girder
1308	surcharges
1309	wind on barriers
1310	Traffic: TS
1311	Traffic: UDL
1312	Traffic: crowd on footways
1313	Traffic: crowd on carriageway
1314	Traffic: group 1
1315	no combinations
1316	ULS Persistent/Transient
1317	ULS Exceptional
1318	SLS Infrequent
1319	SLS Frequent
1320	SLS Quasi Permanent
1321	ULS Seismic
1322	Crowd
1323	q1a+q1b
1324	Lane 1
1325	Lane 2
1326	Lane 3
1327	Model 1
1328	Lane 1
1329	Lane 2
1330	Lane 3
1331	Old format file.
1332	Use menu
1333	Unable to open the file
1334	Measure units not recognized
1335	pavement
1336	UDL
1337	lane
1338	checked girder
1339	deflection
1340	ULS
1341	SLS
1342	Internal error 002
1343	Send problem data to SIGMAc SOFT user's support
1344	Draft print - Units of measure:
1345	Insufficient data to perform analysis
1346	Average slab thickness = 0
1347	Minimum slab thickness = 0
1348	corbels weight
1349	overhangs poured in 2nd stage
1350	diaphgram check
1351	slab check
1352	Bending moments during lifting
1353	Bending moments during transportation
1354	Edge girder
1355	Internal girder
1356	Overall width =
1357	Theoretical span length =
1358	Deck length =
1359	too many vertices for slab
1360	Error occurred transferring data to
1361	Girder n.
1362	Support cross section
1363	Midspan cross section
1364	SLS deflection IFS002A-2.2.3
1365	R.C. diaphgram reinforcements dimensioning
1366	R.C. slab reinforcements dimensioning
1367	local effect
1368	local+global effect
1369	Max env.
1370	Min env.
1371	R.C. slab
1372	seismic
1373	Unable to open
1374	Negative area.
1375	Search for maximum stresses on the diaphgram.
1376	Too many n. of loads.
1377	Torsional coefficient of girders = 0
1378	In span diaphgrams dimensions = 0
1379	Girder weight density = 0
1380	Cast-in-place concrete weight density = 0
1381	Tc* SLS = 0
1382	Tc* ULS = 0
1383	Incorrect check girder number
1384	Edge girder not defined
1385	Seismic action: eta SLS = 0
1386	calculating of girder in-span cross section geometrical parameters
1387	Analysis aborted.
1388	calculating of girder head cross section geometrical parameters
1389	calculating of edge girder in-span cross section geometrical parameters
1390	calculating of edge girder head cross section geometrical parameters
1391	calculating of cast-in-situ cross section geometrical parameters
1392	Internal error
1393	Excessive Rt overhang width cast in 3rd phase.
1394	calculating of Rt overhang cross section geometrical parameters
1395	
1396	calculating of L overhang cross section geometrical parameters
1397	calculating geometrical parameters of cast-in-situ concrete cross section collaborating with the girder
1398	Unknown format as
1399	Reading file continue.
1400	Section
1401	Analysis possible only for single carriageway
1402	group 1 - Model 1 - distributed loads
1403	group 1 - Model 1 - tandem loads
1404	group 2 - breaking/centrifugal
1405	group 3 - Model 5
1406	group 3 - Model 5 (crowd)
1407	group 5 - special vehicles
1408	group 1 - Model 2 (single axis)
1409	wind on unloaded bridge
1410	thermal
1411	gr1a - LM1/UDL and pedestrian
1412	gr1a - LM1/TS
1413	gr2 - horizontal forces
1414	gr3 - footways and cycle tracks
1415	gr4 - LM4 crowd
1416	gr5 - LM3 special vehicles
1417	gr1b - single axis LM2
1418	wind
1419	thermal
1420	The maximum transversal saggin moment on the slab due to local effect of all loads is determined using a simple supported beam model.
1421	Permanent loads taken into account are the selfweight of the slab
1422	and the weight of the pavement layers
1423	To find the maximum bending moment due to live loads the 
1424	model (paragraph 5.1.3.3.5 of the Standard Specifications) is considered.
1425	This model, taken alone and only for local effect assessment, is formed by a single axis with 2 wheel prints  
1426	measuring
1427	and a wheelbase of
1428	the overall load of the axis is
1429	Concentrated loads taken into account to assess the local effect are assumed uniformly distributed on the wheel print at the upper surface of the carriageway.
1430	Through the thickness of the pavement layers and the half thickness of the slab the pressure is disperded. We assume a dispersion angle of 45°.
1431	Furthermore is applied a uniformly distributed load of
1432	Tha maximum hogging moment on the slab is assessed with a clamped beam model.
1433	Unless otherwise specified, the quantities contained in this report are expressed in the following units of measurement:
1434	The diameters of the mild rebars are always expressed in millimeters, whereas the diameters of the prestressing strands are expressed in inches (1 "= 25.4 mm).
1435	The forces corresponding to the loads acting on the deck are assumed positive if directed downwards.
1436	The tensile stresses have a positive sign: this convention is valid for both concrete and steel.
1437	The deck is considered as a plane in which a system of orthogonal axes x,y identifies each point of it.
1438	The x axis is directed longitudinally to the beam axis, the y axis orthogonally.
1439	The origin of this reference system is positioned at the intersection of the symmetry axis of the prefabricated beams
1440	 and the axis of the supports that refers to the left abutment: from this point the values for x are assumed positive.
1441	The value of y, therefore, represent the eccentricities of the loads and have a negative sign to the right and positive to the left in the drawings.
1442	The z axis, orthogonal to the x,y plane, has the zero at the bottom of the prefabricated beams and has positive values ​​towards the top.
1443	The deck is formed with precasted girders and linked cast-in-situ diaphgrams and slab.
1444	The beams are self-supporting, do not require any cross-bracing or temporary propping during the deck completion.
1445	Two different stages of construction are considered:
1446	FIRST STAGE
1447	The girders carry their own weight and the cast-in-place concrete weight, simply supported.
1448	SECOND STAGE
1449	The composite structure prestressed girders - cast-in-place slab, after concrete hardens, carry the weight of surcharges and live loads.
1450	The beams are built in a prefabrication plant and then transported to the site and launched.
1451	The prestressing method may be with prestressed bonded strands or post-tensioned strands in ducts.
1452	The strands are stressed to the rate of
1453	provided by this report.
1454	Once placed the mild reinforcements for the shear resistance (stirrups), after the stretching of strands is completed and the formwork is fixed, the concrete is poured.
1455	The concrete is cured by means of a steam thermal cycle suitably calibrated according to the mix-design and the Rckj resistance which is required when the tensile force in the strands is transferred to the girder.
1456	Once the Rckj resistance is reached by the concrete the strands force is relaxed by jacks, then the strands cutted and finally the girder is carried in the storage area.
1457	Calculation are developed referring to the following Standards:
1458	For the preparation of this report the indications in these documents have been followed:
1459	CNR 10024/84 - Analisi di strutture mediante elaboratore: impostazione e redazione delle relazioni di calcolo.
1460	NTC 2008 - 10.2 Analisi e verifiche svolte con l''ausilio di codici di calcolo
1461	Legge n°1086 del 5 novembre 1971: "Norme per la disciplina delle opere di conglomerato cementizio armato, normale e precompresso, ed a struttura metallica."
1462	"Norme tecniche per le costruzioni."
1463	Circolare Ministero LL.PP. del 2 febbraio 2009, n°617: "Istruzioni per l''applicazione delle {\i Norme tecniche per le costruzioni}."
1464	UNI EN 1990:2006 - "Eurocode - Basis of structural design."
1465	UNI EN 1991-1-1: 2004 - Eurocode 1: "Actions on structures - Part 1-1: General actions - Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings"
1466	UNI EN 1991-1-3: 2004 - Eurocode 1: "Actions on structures - Part 1-3: General actions - Snow loads"
1467	UNI EN 1991-1-4: 2005 - Eurocode 1: "Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions - Wind actions"
1468	UNI EN 1991-1-5: 2004 - Eurocode 1: "Actions on structures - Part 1-5: General actions - Thermal actions"
1469	UNI EN 1991-1-6: 2005 - Eurocode 1: "Actions on structures - Part 1-6: General actions - Actions during execution"
1470	UNI EN 1991-1-7: 2006 - Eurocode 1: "Actions on structures - Part 1-7: General actions - Accidental actions"
1471	UNI EN 1991-2: 2005 - Eurocode 1: "Actions on structures - Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges"
1472	UNI EN 1992-1-1: 2005 - Eurocode 2: "Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings"
1473	UNI EN 1992-2: 2006 - Eurocode 2: "Design of concrete structures - Part 2: Concrete bridges - Design and detailing rules"
1474	The deck is realized with simply supported beams working together by mean of the cast-in-place diaphgrams and slab.
1475	Therefore, it is presented as a slab supported on opposite sides and characterized by a strong orthotropy.
1476	The Massonnet method is used to search for the stresses in the various components of the deck;
1477	 this method, by means of appropriate coefficients, allows the distribution of loads to be solved and the stresses to be known.
1478	This method was proposed by Guyon in 1946 for a grid of beams without torsional stiffness, taken up by Massonnet in 1950 to take account of the torsion, finally extended by Bares;
1479	these last authors have definitively arranged the matter in a book ("Les calcules des grillages de pontres and from the orthotropes selon the Method Guyon - Massonet - Bares", Dunod, Paris, 1966)
1480	which provides a large number of tables directly usable by the designer and which has facilitated wide dissemination.
1481	In the orthotropic grid the procedure of Massonnet originates from the study of a grid supported at the ends of the main longitudinal beams and free on the other sides
1482	and which is supposed to be equivalent to an orthotropic plate.
1483	If we observe a grid of beams, we can see that it is a two-way beam structure with mostly orthogonal directions.
1484	The behavior of the deck depends essentially on the bending and torsional rigidity of the two beam orders and their mutual influence.
1485	We can therefore think of assimilating the deck to an orthotropic plate in which the behavioral characterization in the two directions is given by the bending and torsional stiffnesses rather than by the constitutive bonds of the materials.
1486	The Massonnet method considers the actual deck as a rectangular slab of theoretical width
1487	and length equal to the calculation light; takes into account the different deformability of the slab in the longitudinal and transversal directions.
1488	This load is considered
1489	variable with sinusoidal law and acting parallel to the x axis with eccentricity; for this load the deformed one has a law w (x,y,e) which is obtained by integrating the equation of Huber.
1490	 Expressing in Levy's series, the deformed takes the form
1491	considering a load condition having the same variation law and the same P{\sub m} but distributed over the whole width of the deck
1492	there will be a cylindrical deformation that can take the form
1493	It is therefore possible to define for an ordinate y beam and eccentricity load e, the loads distribution coefficient (dimensionless)
1494	Therefore, for the unit load of eccentricity e, the ratio between the load on a beam of ordinate y and the average load 1/n where n is the number of beams, is obtained.
1495	The value of K (y;e) was calculated by Massonnet and tabulated according to the parameters on which it depends and precisely
1496	from the ratio y/b representing the position of the longitudinal beam taken into consideration (and along which y always has the same value)
1497	from the ratio e/b which represents the position of the load
1498	from the torsional stiffness ratio (comprised between 0 and 1)
1499	from the dimensional relationship of flexural stiffness
1500	The width of the carriageway is divided into 20 equal intervals and for each of them the value of the distribution coefficient is determined
1501	of Massonnet at its center of gravity.
1502	 The sum of these effects is then obtained so as to obtain the portion of the paving load acting on the beam considered
1503	The number of notional lane to consider when calculating bridges is the maximum that is compatible with the width of the carriageway,
1504	 including any respective docks and hard shoulders, as well as any unprotected sidewalks with a height of less than 20 cm,
1505	 taking into account that the conventional overall width for each notional lane is established  in 3.00 m.
1506	In any case, the number of lanes must not be less than 2, unless the width of the carriageway is less than 5.40 m.
1507	The arrangement of the loads and the number of notional lanes on the carriageway will be each time those determining the most unfavorable stress conditions for the structure, member or section considered.
1508	The lines of loads are positioned in the x direction to generate the maximum stress in the specific test section.
1509	Road bridge
1510	DM 17/01/2018 - Norme tecniche per le costruzioni
1511	Circolare Ministero LL.PP. del 2 febbraio 2009, n°617: "Istruzioni per l''applicazione delle {\i Norme tecniche per le costruzioni}."
1512	Istruzioni per l''applicazione dell''«Aggiornamento delle "Norme tecniche per le costruzioni"» di cui al decreto ministeriale 17 gennaio 2018.
